FAQs - IVF & ICSI

IVF - ICSI Procedure - Important Things you Need to Know

What is IVF ? 

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a medical procedure in which an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body, in a laboratory dish. It is a type of assisted reproductive technology (ART) used to help individuals or couples conceive a child. The basic steps of IVF include:

1. Ovarian Stimulation: Hormonal medications are given to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs.

2. Egg Retrieval: The eggs are collected from the ovaries using a minor surgical procedure.

3. Sperm Collection: A sperm sample is collected from the male partner or a donor.

4. Fertilization: The eggs and sperm are combined in the laboratory to allow fertilization.

5. Embryo Culture: The fertilized eggs (embryos) are cultured and monitored for several days.

6. Embryo Transfer: One or more healthy embryos are transferred into the uterus in hopes of achieving a pregnancy.

IVF can be used to address various fertility issues, including blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, male factor infertility, and unexplained infertility.

What is ICSI ?

ICSI stands for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. It is a specialized form of in vitro fertilization (IVF) used primarily for male infertility. During the ICSI procedure, a single sperm is injected directly into an egg to facilitate fertilization. This technique can be particularly useful in cases where there are issues with sperm count, motility, or morphology, or if previous IVF attempts have failed.

Whether you need to be admitted to a hospital during an IVF procedure depends on the specific steps of the process and your medical situation. Generally, IVF is an outpatient procedure, meaning you won't need to stay overnight. Here are the key steps:

1. Ovarian Stimulation:  Medications are given to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. This is typically managed on an outpatient basis with regular visits to the clinic for monitoring.

2. Egg Retrieval: This minor surgical procedure is done under sedation or anesthesia, and you can usually go home the same day.

3. Fertilization and Embryo Culture: After the eggs are retrieved, they are fertilized in the lab. This part of the process does not require your presence.

4. Embryo Transfer: This is also an outpatient procedure and does not require anesthesia. You can go home shortly after the procedure.

5. Follow-Up: Monitoring and follow-up visits are also outpatient.

If there are any complications or specific health concerns, your doctor might recommend a short hospital stay, but this is not common for most standard IVF procedures. Always consult your fertility specialist for advice tailored to your situation.

Preparing for an IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) cycle involves several steps to maximize your chances of success. Here's a general guide:

1. Consult with a Fertility Specialist:

   - Have a thorough medical evaluation.

   - Discuss your medical history, lifestyle, and any previous fertility treatments.

2. Get Necessary Tests:

   - Hormone levels (e.g., FSH, AMH).

   - Ultrasound to examine your ovaries and uterus.

   - Semen analysis for your partner (if applicable).

   - Infectious disease screening.

3. Healthy Lifestyle:

   - Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains.

   - Avoid smoking, alcohol, and recreational drugs.

   - Aim for a healthy weight through regular exercise.

4. Manage Stress:

   - Practice stress-reducing techniques such as yoga, meditation, or counseling.

   - Consider joining a support group for individuals undergoing fertility treatments.

5. Follow Medication Protocols:

   - Follow your doctor’s instructions for hormone injections and other medications.

   - Set reminders to ensure you take medications on time.

6. Prepare Mentally and Emotionally:

   - Understand the IVF process, including possible outcomes and challenges.

   - Ensure you have a support system in place.

7. Financial Planning:

   - Understand the costs involved and what your insurance covers.

   - Explore financing options if necessary.

8. Optimize Timing:

   - Coordinate with your fertility clinic to schedule your cycle at an optimal time.

   - Ensure you have flexibility in your schedule for appointments and procedures.

9. Avoid Harmful Substances:

   - Limit caffeine intake.

   - Avoid exposure to environmental toxins and chemicals.

10. Supplementation:

   - Take prenatal vitamins or other supplements as recommended by your doctor.

Each individual’s preparation may vary, so it’s crucial to follow your fertility specialist’s advice tailored to your specific situation.

IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) treatment can have several side effects and risks, which vary from person to person. Here are some common ones:

Side Effects:

1. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS):

   - Caused by the fertility medications used to stimulate egg production.

   - Symptoms include swollen and painful ovaries, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and, in severe cases, shortness of breath and blood clots.

2. Mood Swings and Emotional Stress:

   - Hormonal changes and the stress of the treatment process can lead to mood swings, anxiety, and depression.

3. Bloating and Abdominal Pain:

   - Common after egg retrieval due to the stimulation of the ovaries.

4. Breast Tenderness:

   - Resulting from hormone injections.

5. Spotting or Light Bleeding:

   - This can occur after egg retrieval or embryo transfer.

Risks:

1. Multiple Pregnancies:

   - IVF increases the risk of twins, triplets, or higher-order multiples, which can lead to premature birth and low birth weight.

2. Ectopic Pregnancy:

   - The embryo can implant outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tube, which is a medical emergency.

3. Birth Defects:

   - Some studies suggest a slightly higher risk of birth defects with IVF, though the overall risk remains low.

4. Miscarriage:

   - The risk of miscarriage is similar to that in natural conception, but certain factors like maternal age can increase this risk.

5. Complications from Egg Retrieval:

   - The process of retrieving eggs from the ovaries can lead to bleeding, infection, or damage to the bowel, bladder, or blood vessels.

6. Stress and Emotional Impact:

   - The emotional toll of repeated cycles, financial strain, and the physical demands of the treatment can be significant.

Discussing these potential side effects and risks with a healthcare provider can help individuals make informed decisions and manage any complications that may arise.

The success rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF) depends on various factors, including the woman's age, the cause of infertility, and the quality of the eggs, sperm, and embryos. Generally, here are the average success rates:

1. Women under 35: 41-43% per cycle

2. Women aged 35-37: 33-36% per cycle

3. Women aged 38-40: 23-27% per cycle

4. Women aged over 40: 13-18% per cycle

These percentages can vary between fertility clinics and are influenced by individual health circumstances. Consulting with a fertility specialist can provide a more accurate assessment based on specific conditions.

At Genessa Fertility, We offer high success rates of more than 85% for IVF - ICSI and Surrogacy programs. We provide individualized treatment plan, care and attention to every couple during their journey to Parenthood. In Genessa, we achieved 95% Patient Satisfaction Score so far. 

Yes, an IVF (in vitro fertilization) cycle can be canceled for several reasons. Some common reasons include:

1. Poor Response to Stimulation: If the ovaries do not produce enough follicles in response to stimulation medications.

2. Excessive Response to Stimulation: If there is a risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), which can be a serious condition.

3. Hormone Levels: If hormone levels are not within the desired range during the cycle.

4. Endometrial Lining Issues: If the lining of the uterus is not developing properly.

5. Health Concerns: If a patient experiences health issues or complications that could affect the cycle's success or safety.

6. Follicle Development: If follicles do not develop properly or if there are no mature eggs to retrieve.

7. Other Medical Conditions: Any other medical conditions or unforeseen issues that arise during the cycle.

It's essential to stay in close communication with your fertility specialist throughout the process to monitor your progress and address any concerns promptly.

Doctor, Is oocyte retrieval painful? Do you give general anesthesia? Can I go home after oocyte retrieval and attend to my regular work?

Egg retrieval, a procedure commonly used in in vitro fertilization (IVF), involves collecting eggs from the ovaries. The procedure is typically performed under sedation or general anesthesia, which minimizes pain and discomfort during the process. 

While most women do not feel pain during the retrieval itself due to the anesthesia, some may experience mild to moderate discomfort, cramping, or bloating afterward. These symptoms usually subside within a few days. If you have concerns about pain or the procedure, it's best to discuss them with your healthcare provider, who can provide detailed information and address any specific worries you may have.

Doctor, what are the precautions I must take after the embryo transfer? Is complete bed rest required after the embryo transfer? When should I come for confirmation of pregnancy?

After an embryo transfer, there are several precautions that can help maximize the chances of a successful pregnancy:

1. Rest and Relaxation: Take it easy for the first 24-48 hours. Avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting.

2. Avoid Stress: Engage in relaxing activities and avoid situations that may cause stress.

3. Diet and Hydration: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and protein. Stay well-hydrated.

4. Avoid Certain Activities: Refrain from activities that can raise your core body temperature significantly, such as hot baths, saunas, and intense exercise.

5. Medications: Continue taking any medications prescribed by your doctor, such as progesterone supplements, exactly as directed.

6. Sexual Intercourse: Follow your doctor's advice regarding sexual activity, as some doctors may recommend abstaining for a short period.

7. Monitor Symptoms: Keep an eye on any unusual symptoms, such as severe pain or heavy bleeding, and report them to your doctor.

8. Follow-Up: Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments and blood tests to monitor the progress of the embryo implantation.

It's important to follow your doctor's specific recommendations, as they may vary based on your individual situation.

Doctor, what precautions must I take regarding food, work, sex, and medicines during IVF treatment?

Do's During IVF Treatment:

1. Follow Medical Advice: Adhere strictly to your doctor’s instructions regarding medications and lifestyle changes.

2. Maintain a Healthy Diet: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains.

3. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your body hydrated.

4. Manage Stress: Engage in stress-relief activities like yoga, meditation, or gentle exercise.

5. Get Adequate Rest: Ensure you get enough sleep and rest.

6. Keep a Positive Mindset: Stay positive and maintain a hopeful outlook throughout the process.

7. Take Prescribed Supplements: Follow your doctor's advice on any vitamins or supplements.

8. Attend All Appointments: Be diligent about attending all your scheduled medical appointments and tests.

Don’ts During IVF Treatment:

1. Avoid Smoking and Alcohol: Refrain from smoking and consuming alcohol as they can negatively affect fertility.

2. Limit Caffeine: Reduce caffeine intake to one or two cups of coffee per day or as advised by your doctor.

3. Avoid Strenuous Exercise: Engage in light to moderate exercise but avoid high-intensity workouts that could stress your body.

4. Stay Away from Toxins: Avoid exposure to harmful chemicals and environmental toxins.

5. Don’t Skip Medications: Ensure you take all prescribed medications on time without skipping doses.

6. Limit Stress: Avoid situations or activities that cause significant stress.

7. Avoid Hot Baths and Saunas: High temperatures can affect your body’s reproductive processes.

8. Don't Hesitate to Ask Questions: If you have any doubts or concerns, speak with your healthcare provider.

Following these guidelines can help maximize the success of your IVF treatment. Always consult your doctor for personalized advice.

Doctor, What is TESE? Is there any medication to increase sperm count?

TESE stands for Testicular Sperm Extraction. It's a surgical procedure used to retrieve sperm directly from the testicles of men who have no sperm in their ejaculate (azoospermia) or have very low sperm counts. Here's a brief overview:

TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction):

1. Purpose: TESE is performed when sperm retrieval is necessary for assisted reproductive techniques like IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) or ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection).

2. Procedure: During TESE surgery, a small incision is made in the testicle(s), and a tiny sample of testicular tissue is removed. The sample is then examined under a microscope to identify viable sperm. If sperm are found, they can be used for fertility treatments.

3. Types: There are different types of TESE procedures, including conventional TESE and micro-TESE (microsurgical TESE). Micro-TESE is more advanced and involves using high-powered microscopes for more precise extraction, especially in cases of non-obstructive azoospermia.

4. Recovery: Recovery from TESE surgery is usually quick, with most men able to resume normal activities within a few days to a week. Some discomfort and swelling may occur initially.

Medication to Increase Sperm Count:

There are certain medications that can sometimes help increase sperm count or improve sperm production. However, it's important to note that the effectiveness of these medications can vary depending on the underlying cause of low sperm count and other factors. Here are some medications that may be considered:

1. Clomiphene Citrate: This medication is sometimes prescribed to stimulate the production of hormones that stimulate the testicles (gonadotropins), which can help increase sperm production.

2. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): In some cases, hCG injections may be used to stimulate the testicles to produce more testosterone and increase sperm production.

3. Letrozole: This medication is sometimes used off-label to help increase sperm production by affecting hormone levels.

4. Antioxidants: Supplements containing antioxidants like vitamin E, vitamin C, and coenzyme Q10 are sometimes recommended to improve sperm count and quality by reducing oxidative stress.

5. Fertility Supplements: Various over-the-counter fertility supplements may claim to improve sperm count or motility, but their effectiveness can vary, and it's important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplements.

Consultation with a Specialist:

If you or someone you know is concerned about low sperm count or infertility, consulting with a urologist or reproductive endocrinologist (fertility specialist) is recommended. They can conduct a thorough evaluation, determine the underlying cause, and recommend appropriate treatments, including medications or surgical procedures like TESE if needed.

IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) can involve some discomfort, but the level of pain varies for each person. Procedures like injections for hormone stimulation and egg retrieval can cause mild discomfort or cramping. However, clinics often use anesthesia or sedation during egg retrieval to minimize pain. Overall, while discomfort is common, many people find the process manageable with proper medical support.

IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) treatment, like any medical procedure, carries certain risks and considerations. Some of the potential risks associated with IVF include:

1. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS): This occurs when the ovaries become swollen and painful due to the fertility drugs used to stimulate egg production.

2. Multiple Pregnancies: IVF increases the likelihood of multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.), which can pose higher risks for both the mother and the babies.

3. Ectopic Pregnancy: There is a slightly increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, where the embryo implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube.

4. Miscarriage: The risk of miscarriage is slightly higher with IVF compared to natural conception, especially in older women.

5. Emotional and Psychological Stress: IVF can be emotionally and psychologically taxing due to its invasive nature, the uncertainties involved, and the stress of treatment.

6. Birth Defects: Although the overall risk is small, some studies suggest a slightly higher risk of certain birth defects with IVF-conceived pregnancies.

7. Ovarian Cancer Risk: There is ongoing research regarding the long-term effects of ovarian stimulation on the risk of ovarian cancer.

It's essential to discuss these risks thoroughly with a fertility specialist before undergoing IVF treatment. They can provide personalized information based on your medical history and specific circumstances.

The chances of success with IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) at 38 years old can vary depending on several factors, including overall health, specific fertility issues, and the quality of the eggs. Generally, fertility declines with age, so success rates tend to decrease as women get older. However, it's still possible to achieve pregnancy through IVF at 38, though the success rates may be lower compared to younger ages. It's best to consult with a fertility specialist who can provide personalized information based on individual circumstances.

At Genessa Fertility, chances of success with IVF at age 38 till age 45 are comparatively as high as 70 to 80%. We provide individualized treatment plan, care and attention to every couple during their journey to Parenthood. 

The success of the first IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) cycle can vary depending on several factors, including the age of the woman, the cause of infertility, and the clinic's expertise. Generally, success rates for IVF can range from around 30% to 50% per cycle for women under 35. Success rates decrease with age due to declining egg quality and quantity.

It's important to note that not all IVF cycles result in pregnancy, and some individuals may require multiple cycles to achieve a successful pregnancy. Factors such as ovarian reserve, sperm quality, uterine health, and overall health of both partners also play crucial roles in determining the success of IVF treatment.

At Genessa Fertility, chances of success with first IVF cycle are as high as 60%  to 70%. We provide individualized treatment plan, care and attention to every couple during their journey to Parenthood. 

IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) pregnancies do have a slightly higher risk of miscarriage compared to natural pregnancies. Several factors contribute to this increased risk:

1. Maternal Age: Women undergoing IVF tend to be older, and advanced maternal age is associated with a higher risk of miscarriage.

2. Underlying Causes of Infertility: The reason for infertility may itself contribute to a higher risk of miscarriage.

3. Technique Factors: Procedures involved in IVF, such as embryo manipulation and transfer, can potentially affect implantation and early pregnancy development.

Despite the slightly elevated risk, advancements in IVF techniques and careful monitoring by healthcare providers have helped reduce these risks over time.

Yes, children born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) are generally normal and healthy. IVF procedures have been refined over several decades, and extensive research shows that children born through IVF do not have a higher risk of birth defects or developmental issues compared to children conceived naturally. However, as with any pregnancy, there are some risks involved, but advancements in medical technology and procedures have minimized these risks significantly.

Children born through IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) can be healthy and develop normally, similar to children conceived naturally. IVF has been used successfully for several decades, and numerous studies have shown that children born through IVF generally have similar physical and cognitive development as their naturally conceived peers.

Some key points about children born through IVF:

1. Health and Development: Research indicates that the vast majority of children conceived via IVF are healthy and develop normally. Factors such as the health of the parents and the success of the IVF procedure itself can influence outcomes.

2. Risk Factors: While IVF is generally safe, there may be a slightly increased risk of certain complications such as premature birth or low birth weight. However, advancements in IVF techniques and medical care have helped mitigate these risks over time.

3. Long-Term Studies: Long-term studies have shown that children born through IVF have normal physical, mental, and emotional development. Factors like parental age, genetics, and lifestyle habits play significant roles in a child's health and development, regardless of conception method.

4. Ethical Considerations: Ethical considerations in IVF involve issues such as the number of embryos transferred, genetic testing, and informed consent. These aspects are carefully managed by fertility clinics and healthcare providers to ensure the well-being of both parents and children.

Overall, IVF remains a valuable option for couples facing infertility, offering a chance to build a family despite reproductive challenges.

Yes, you can generally undergo IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) if you are overweight. However, it's important to discuss this with your healthcare provider. Being overweight can affect fertility and pregnancy outcomes, so your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes to improve your chances of success with IVF. They'll also consider factors like medication dosages and potential risks associated with obesity during fertility treatments.

Obesity can have implications for IVF treatment in several ways:

1. Impact on Fertility: Obesity can affect hormone levels and ovulation, making it harder to conceive naturally or through IVF.

2. Response to Medications: Women who are overweight may require higher doses of fertility medications during IVF, as body weight can influence how these medications are metabolized.

3. Risk of Complications: Obesity increases the risk of complications during pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, and cesarean delivery. It can also affect the success rates of IVF and increase the likelihood of miscarriage.

4. Lifestyle Modifications: Before undergoing IVF, doctors often recommend lifestyle changes such as weight loss through diet and exercise to improve fertility outcomes and reduce risks.

Overall, while IVF is possible for women who are overweight, managing weight and discussing potential risks with healthcare providers are crucial steps in optimizing both fertility treatment and pregnancy outcomes.

Children born through IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) generally do not have more health problems compared to children conceived naturally. However, there are some considerations to keep in mind:

1. Risk of Prematurity and Low Birth Weight: Babies born through IVF may have a slightly higher risk of being born prematurely or having low birth weight compared to naturally conceived babies. This can be influenced by factors such as the mother's age, health conditions, and the number of embryos transferred.

2. Congenital Abnormalities: Studies have shown a slightly increased risk of certain congenital abnormalities in IVF-conceived children, although the absolute risk remains low. Factors such as underlying infertility issues or genetic predispositions may contribute to this risk.

3. Multiple Births: IVF treatments sometimes result in multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.), which can carry higher risks for both mothers and babies compared to singleton pregnancies. However, advancements in IVF techniques, such as single embryo transfer, aim to reduce the incidence of multiple births.

4. Long-term Health: Research on the long-term health outcomes of IVF-conceived children is ongoing. Current evidence suggests that most IVF children grow up to be healthy and develop normally, with outcomes similar to naturally conceived children.

Overall, while there are some considerations regarding health outcomes, IVF is generally a safe and effective treatment for infertility, offering many couples the opportunity to have children when natural conception is challenging or not possible. Healthcare providers closely monitor pregnancies and births resulting from IVF to ensure the best possible outcomes for both mother and baby.

Yes, being overweight can potentially affect embryo transfer outcomes. Research suggests that obesity can impact fertility and reproductive outcomes, including the success rates of embryo transfer. Factors such as hormonal imbalances, changes in uterine environment, and decreased implantation rates are often associated with being overweight or obese. It's advisable for individuals undergoing fertility treatments, including embryo transfer, to maintain a healthy weight to optimize their chances of success.

Being overweight can indeed influence embryo transfer outcomes in several ways:

1. Hormonal Imbalances: Excess body weight can disrupt hormone levels, including those crucial for reproductive processes such as ovulation and implantation.

2. Uterine Environment: Obesity may alter the uterine environment, making it less conducive to successful embryo implantation. This can reduce the chances of pregnancy following embryo transfer.

3. Lower Success Rates: Studies have shown that overweight and obese individuals undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including embryo transfer, tend to have lower success rates compared to those with a healthy weight.

4. Complications During Pregnancy: Even if pregnancy is achieved, being overweight can increase the risk of complications such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, and pre-eclampsia.

To optimize the chances of a successful embryo transfer, maintaining a healthy weight through proper diet and regular exercise is generally recommended. It's also crucial to discuss any concerns with a healthcare provider who can provide personalized guidance based on individual circumstances.

Yes, body mass index (BMI) can significantly affect the success rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Research indicates that both underweight and overweight/obese individuals may experience lower success rates compared to those with a normal BMI. Here's how BMI influences IVF outcomes:

1. Underweight (BMI < 18.5): Women who are underweight may have irregular menstrual cycles or hormonal imbalances that can affect ovulation and the quality of eggs retrieved during IVF. This can lead to lower implantation rates and decreased chances of successful embryo development.

2. Normal Weight (BMI 18.5 - 24.9): Individuals within the normal BMI range generally have the highest success rates in IVF treatments. They tend to have better hormonal balance and reproductive health, which can contribute to higher implantation and pregnancy rates.

3. Overweight and Obese (BMI ≥ 25): Obesity can negatively impact fertility by disrupting hormonal balance, affecting egg quality, and creating an unfavorable uterine environment for embryo implantation. This often results in lower success rates for IVF, including lower pregnancy and live birth rates.

To optimize IVF success rates, maintaining a healthy BMI within the normal range is recommended. This can be achieved through a balanced diet, regular exercise, and lifestyle modifications aimed at achieving a healthy weight. It's essential for individuals undergoing IVF to discuss BMI-related concerns with their fertility specialist, who can provide personalized guidance and recommendations based on individual circumstances.